Toward Ecosophy

That's an immense question and I have no easy answers to it. I've long suspected, however, that Tolkien -- devout and conservative Roman Catholic though he was in later life -- dabbled, or more than dabbled, in Christian occultism in his youth. There's just too much Theosophy in his fiction: "I am a servant of the Secret Fire, wielder of the flame of Anor" is one example. What is the Secret Fire? Any Theosophist could have told you. Then there's his Atlantis myth, which is heavily influenced by Blavatsky's account in The Secret Doctrine.

BTW, Tarnas isn't the only one to notice that. Timothy O'Neill's book The Individuated Hobbit, published in 1979, covered the parallels between Tolkien and Jung in quite some detail.