Toward Ecosophy

I don't know of a comprehensive study of the topic, but a few of the megacities that I am familiar with have extensive rural areas included within the polity. Tokyo, Beijing, even Hong Kong to a lesser extent, encompass an area much larger than the urban center, and incorporate farms, forests, etc. in the area controlled by the city government. Japan's system of local governance includes "prefectures" which are the equivalent of provinces, as well as several (I think seven or so) independent cities that are organized along the lines I've described.