Among shoggoths, that's easy -- they have a very highly refined terminology for relationships and personal qualities, so that something like "my broodmother's broodmother's broodling from the earlier of her broods, the one who doesn't get along with Across the Cavern and always starts speaking before others finish" is a quick and easily whistled phrase. Humans and voormis find this endlessly confusing -- Deep Ones don't, but then they have fantastically intricate relationship-terms and tend to use those instead of names -- and so humans and voormis who hang with shoggoths generally give nicknames to the shoggoths they know. Thus Brecken Kendall, the main human character in The Shoggoth Concerto, takes to calling the main shoggoth character in that book by the nickname Sho. (It's short for "shoggoth," and less awkward than "Shog.")

As for more yakking, well, shoggoths don't get numbers. A few of them, after close association with humans or other numerate species, have understood the concept of numbers, but it takes them the kind of effort it would take you or me to understand Einstein's theory of General Relativity. It makes absolutely no sense to your average shoggoth that this small pile of leaves has something in common with this stack of plates, and when a human says, "well, there are six of each," the shoggoth just looks baffled. They perceive patterns and shapes, not numbers.

I drew up an information sheet on shoggoths for roleplaying game purposes. I could post that on this journal if you like.