1) Start with the Pagans who invented theurgy -- Iamblichus and Proclus. Gregory Shaw's books Theurgy and the Soul and Hellenic Tantra are good introductions.
2) Sure. Elementals have no individual connection to the divine plane. They share in a collective connection. They are capable of achieving an individual connection and becoming entities capable of evolution, but they don't start out that way -- they start out as simply self-perpetuating structures created by the Lords of Flame, which have gradually evolved varying degrees of consciousness. It's part of our work as human beings to help them become individualized; we do that partly by giving them a template they can copy, but there are also esoteric traditions (notably the Rosicrucian and Druid traditions) that work with the elemental creation directly to help them on their way.
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2) Sure. Elementals have no individual connection to the divine plane. They share in a collective connection. They are capable of achieving an individual connection and becoming entities capable of evolution, but they don't start out that way -- they start out as simply self-perpetuating structures created by the Lords of Flame, which have gradually evolved varying degrees of consciousness. It's part of our work as human beings to help them become individualized; we do that partly by giving them a template they can copy, but there are also esoteric traditions (notably the Rosicrucian and Druid traditions) that work with the elemental creation directly to help them on their way.